ĐÁNH GIÁ TÌNH TRẠNG ĐÁP ỨNG VỚI ĐIỀU TRỊ TÂN BỔ TRỢ CỦA UNG THƯ TRỰC TRÀNG TRÊN GIẢI PHẪU BỆNH

Abstract

Objective: to assess the extent of rectal tumor regression following preoperative chemoradiotherapy and its relationship with histopathological features. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 34 patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery at Military Hospital 103 from January 2024 to September 2025. The pathologic responses were scored by using the criteria developed of the tumor regression grade (TRG) system by the American Joint Commission on Cancer and the College of American Pathology (AJCC/CAP). Results: The mean age was 60.82 ± 12.82 years, with 82.35% being male. After neoadjuvant treatment, both tumor size and stage showed significant reduction (p<0.05). Higher levels of tumor necrosis and fibrosis were observed (p<0.001). The majority of tumors (61.76%) showed a treatment response (TRG 0, 1, or 2). Larger tumor size and higher T stage were significantly associated with poorer response to therapy (p<0.05), whereas other histopathological features showed no significant difference between responding and non-responding groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The TRG system of AJCC/CAP provides a valuable measure of treatment response in rectal cancer and demonstrates a clear association with tumor size and pre-treatment T stage.